{"id":3337,"date":"2018-05-15T09:56:50","date_gmt":"2018-05-15T01:56:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/?p=3337"},"modified":"2019-11-17T19:57:16","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T11:57:16","slug":"sae-j1677-tests-procedures-carbon-steel-alloy-steel-tubing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/sae-j1677-tests-procedures-carbon-steel-alloy-steel-tubing\/","title":{"rendered":"SAE J1677 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p carbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. PH\u1ea0M VI<\/h4>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong m\u1ee5c 2.1.1. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt SAE J t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/h4>\n

2.1 C\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y theo ph\u1ea1m vi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

2.1.1 \u1ea4n ph\u1ea9m SAE<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua t\u1ea1i SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: 877-606-7323 (t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada) ho\u1eb7c 724-776-4970 (ngo\u00e0i Hoa K\u1ef3), www.sae.org.<\/p>\n

SAE J356 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p h\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u1ec9, t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n, loe k\u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o g\u1edd
\nSAE J518 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t b\u00edch, ki\u1ec3u m\u1eb7t b\u00edch chia hai bu l\u00f4ng
\nSAE J524 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch, \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe
\nSAE J525 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe
\nSAE J526 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p h\u00e0n
\nSAE J527 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p hai l\u1edbp h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng
\nSAE J533 \u0110\u1ea7u loe cho \u1ed1ng
\nSAE J1065 \u00c1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c danh ngh\u0129a tham chi\u1ebfu cho \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p
\nSAE J1453-1 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch v\u00f2ng ch\u1eef O: Ph\u1ea7n 1\u2014Chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m
\nSAE J1453-2 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch v\u00f2ng ch\u1eef O: Ph\u1ea7n 2\u2014Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i th\u00e9p, v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n, kh\u1edbp xoay, \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ren m\u00e9t theo ISO 6149-2
\nSAE J1453-3 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch v\u00f2ng ch\u1eef O: Ph\u1ea7n 3\u2014Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i th\u00e9p, v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n, kh\u1edbp xoay, \u1ed1ng n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i, n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ren inch theo SAE J1926-2
\nSAE J2435 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon SAE 1021 h\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u1ec9, t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n, loe v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o g\u1edd
\nSAE J2467 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon SAE 1021 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe
\nSAE J2592 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung\u2014Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon
\nSAE J2613 \u1ed0ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon th\u1ea5p, h\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u1ec9, \u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n, loe k\u00e9p v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n
\nSAE J2614 \u1ed0ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon th\u1ea5p, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, \u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe
\nSAE J2832 \u1ed0ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o 690 MPa), h\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u1ec9, \u1ee7 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe k\u00e9p
\nSAE J2833 \u1ed0ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o 690 MPa), h\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, \u1ee7 gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 loe<\/p>\n

2.1.2 \u1ea4n ph\u1ea9m ASTM<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua t\u1ea1i ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.<\/p>\n

ASTM A 370 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p
\nASTM A 450\/A 450M \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon, th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim ferit v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim austenit
\nASTM E 8 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i
\nASTM E 8M Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i [h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t]<\/p>\n

2.2 C\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean quan<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2.2.1 \u1ea4n ph\u1ea9m SAE<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua t\u1ea1i SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: 877-606-7323 (t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada) ho\u1eb7c 724-776-4970 (ngo\u00e0i Hoa K\u1ef3), www.sae.org.<\/p>\n

SAE J514 Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c
\nSAE J1290 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u00f4 t\u00f4\u2014K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng theo h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t
\nSAE J2551 Quy tr\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i
\nSAE J2593 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i
\nSAE J2658 C\u1ee5m \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kim lo\u1ea1i cho truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung\u2014Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho c\u1ee5m \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i trong truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

2.2.2 \u1ea4n ph\u1ea9m ISO<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua t\u1ea1i ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org.<\/p>\n

ISO 2944 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\u2014\u00c1p su\u1ea5t danh ngh\u0129a
\nISO 3304 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01a1n\u2014\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi giao h\u00e0ng
\nISO 3305 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01a1n\u2014\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi giao h\u00e0ng
\nISO 4397 \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan\u2014\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y
\nISO 4399 \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan\u2014\u00c1p su\u1ea5t danh ngh\u0129a
\nISO 4406 Truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\u2014Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng\u2014Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n b\u1edfi h\u1ea1t r\u1eafn
\nISO 5598 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\u2014T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng
\nISO 6162-1 Truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\u2014\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch c\u00f3 k\u1eb9p b\u00edch chia \u0111\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i, v\u00edt theo h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 inch\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 1: \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 3,5 MPa (35 bar) \u0111\u1ebfn 35 MPa (350 bar), DN 13 \u0111\u1ebfn DN 127
\nISO 6162-2 Truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c\u2014\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch c\u00f3 k\u1eb9p b\u00edch chia \u0111\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i, v\u00edt theo h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 inch\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 2: \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 35 MPa (350 bar) \u0111\u1ebfn 40 MPa (400 bar), DN 13 \u0111\u1ebfn DN 51
\nISO 6605 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m
\nISO 8434-1 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i cho truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 1: \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i n\u00e9n g\u00f3c 24\u00b0
\nISO 8434-2 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i cho truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 2: \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i loe g\u00f3c 37\u00b0
\nISO 8434-3 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i cho truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 3: \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch v\u00f2ng ch\u1eef O
\nISO 8434-4 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i cho truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chung\u2014Ph\u1ea7n 4: \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u00f4n g\u00f3c 24\u00b0 v\u1edbi n\u00fam h\u00e0n v\u00f2ng
\nISO 10583 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m cho k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng
\nISO 10763 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01a1n\u2014K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c danh ngh\u0129a<\/p>\n

3. QUY TR\u00ccNH TH\u1eec NGHI\u1ec6M<\/h4>\n

Tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ASTM A 370 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.
\nTuy nhi\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ASTM v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt SAE n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

3.1 T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

a. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng
\nb. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t
\nc. Lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t
\nd. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t
\ne. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng
\nf. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp lo\u1ea1i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m sao cho \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

4. M\u1eaaU TH\u1eec NGHI\u1ec6M<\/h4>\n

Theo ASTM A 370 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p, m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb5n \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1eabu th\u1eed n\u00e0o c\u00f3 g\u1edd, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn. M\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

5. TH\u1eec NGHI\u1ec6M HI\u1ec6U SU\u1ea4T<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

5.1 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u00e9p ph\u1eb3ng<\/p>\n

M\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 75 mm kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o khi b\u1ecb \u00e9p ph\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa hai t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng song song \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1eed. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft r\u00e1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t do nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

5.2 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u00e9p ph\u1eb3ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

M\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft d\u1ecdc 90\u00b0 \u1edf m\u1ed7i b\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. \u0110o\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 \u00e9p ph\u1eb3ng sao cho m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m cong l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t, bong tr\u00f3c kim lo\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ea5u m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n hay c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean do ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf x\u1ec9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

5.3 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m u\u1ed1n<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u u\u1ed1n, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m mua h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

5.4 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e3n n\u1edf<\/p>\n

M\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu gi\u00e3n n\u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1t c\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c t\u1eeb 0,1 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,0, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i t\u0103ng th\u00eam 25% m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

5.5 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m loe<\/p>\n

5.5.1 Loe 37\u00b0 v\u00e0 45\u00b0 theo SAE J533<\/p>\n

5.5.1.1 Loe k\u00e9p\u2014Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p A
\nC\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c loe k\u00e9p \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong SAE J533. \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c trong khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng theo tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea7u loe nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\"Double<\/p>\n

H\u00ccNH 1 – \u1ed0NG LOE K\u00c9P G\u00d3C 37\u00b0 – PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P A
\n(THAM KH\u1ea2O: SAE J533)<\/p>\n

5.5.1.2 Loe k\u00e9p\u2014Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p B<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c loe \u0111\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong SAE J533. \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c trong khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng theo tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea7u loe nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 2 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch \u1edf m\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p m\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 3,1 mm v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\"Double<\/p>\n

H\u00ccNH 2 – \u1ed0NG LOE K\u00c9P HAI L\u1edaP G\u00d3C 37\u00b0 – PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P B
\n(THAM KH\u1ea2O: SAE J533)<\/p>\n

5.5.1.3 Loe \u0111\u01a1n<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch g\u1edd s\u1eafc nh\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb loe \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong SAE J533. \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng g\u00f3c trong khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 ch\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng khi \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea7n loe th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\"\"H\u00ccNH 3 – \u1ed0NG LOE \u0110\u01a0N G\u00d3C 37\u00b0
\n(THAM KH\u1ea2O: SAE J533)<\/p>\n

5.5.2 Loe ORFS theo SAE J1453 v\u00e0 loe theo SAE J518<\/p>\n

5.5.2.1 Loe k\u00e9p<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch g\u1edd s\u1eafc nh\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb loe k\u00e9p t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u loe SAE J1453 v\u00e0 SAE J518. \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng g\u00f3c trong khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 ch\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng khi \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea7n loe th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\"DoubleH\u00ccNH 4 – \u0110\u1ea6U \u1ed0NG LOE K\u00c9P THEO TI\u00caU CHU\u1ea8N ORFS
\n(THAM KH\u1ea2O: XEM C\u00c1C KI\u1ec2U LOE SAE J1453 V\u00c0 SAE J518)<\/p>\n

5.5.2.2 Loe \u0111\u01a1n<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u vu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch g\u1edd s\u1eafc nh\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb loe \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u loe SAE J1453 v\u00e0 SAE J518. \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng g\u00f3c trong khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 ch\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng khi \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ea7n loe th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\"Orfs<\/p>\n

H\u00ccNH 5 – \u0110\u1ea6U \u1ed0NG LOE \u0110\u01a0N THEO TI\u00caU CHU\u1ea8N ORFS
\n(THAM KH\u1ea2O: XEM C\u00c1C KI\u1ec2U LOE SAE J1453 V\u00c0 SAE J518)<\/p>\n

5.6 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh danh ngh\u0129a nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1,7 mm. Nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

5.7 \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM E 8\u2014Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ASTM E 8M\u2014Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i [h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t].<\/p>\n

5.8 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng, v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e2m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 19 mm (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed), th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

5.9 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1eed<\/p>\n

Khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tham chi\u1ebfu 4:1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1eed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J1065 v\u1ec1 \u00c1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tham chi\u1ebfu cho \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

\u00c1p su\u1ea5t v\u1ee1 – Pb = Rm,min * In (D\/d)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 1)
\n\u00c1p su\u1ea5t th\u1eed \u2212Pp = Pb\/2\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c 2)<\/p>\n

trong \u0111\u00f3:
\nPb\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u1ee1 tham chi\u1ebfu t\u0129nh danh ngh\u0129a, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng MPa (megapascal)
\nPp\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1eed tham chi\u1ebfu danh ngh\u0129a, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng MPa (megapascal)
\nRm, min\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u
\nIn\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0l\u00e0 logarit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 log e
\nD\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng
\nd\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u1ed1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh 35 MPa, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

L\u01afU \u00dd: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1eed tham chi\u1ebfu danh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 50%. Khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1eed tham chi\u1ebfu danh ngh\u0129a cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi 50%, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong “Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c A” c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J1065 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cho \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

5.10 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, thay v\u00ec th\u1eed th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xo\u00e1y, r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau \u00e2m) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi th\u1eed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh. \u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00eau trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A 450\/A 450M\u2014Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon, h\u1ee3p kim ferit v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim austenit, m\u1ee5c 24.10 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Xem th\u00eam ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J2592\u2014\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p cacbon d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung\u2014Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y cho \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. PH\u1ea0M VI Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p cacbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong m\u1ee5c 2.1.1. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[69,70,71],"class_list":["post-3337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-standards","tag-automotive-standards","tag-sae","tag-steel-tubing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3337"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3337\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}