{"id":3332,"date":"2018-05-15T09:50:11","date_gmt":"2018-05-15T01:50:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/?p=3332"},"modified":"2019-11-17T19:57:41","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T11:57:41","slug":"gm123m-gm124m-automotive-steel-tubing-fluid-handling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/gm123m-gm124m-automotive-steel-tubing-fluid-handling\/","title":{"rendered":"GM123M GM124M \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p \u00f4 t\u00f4 d\u00f9ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng"},"content":{"rendered":"

1 Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, ngo\u1ea1i quan c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

1.1 GM123M.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o hai l\u1edbp, trong \u0111\u00f3 hai l\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed chua. Xem H\u00ecnh 1.<\/p>\n

1.2 GM124M.<\/strong>Bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c l\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t d\u1ea7u h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, v.v. Xem H\u00ecnh 1.<\/p>\n

\"GM123M<\/p>\n

1.3 M\u00e3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00e3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c 3.1 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n sau ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean trong (ID).<\/p>\n

1.4 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

GM123M th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng phanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, trong khi GM124M th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c l\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t d\u1ea7u h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, v.v.<\/p>\n

2 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

2.1 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\/Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

ASTM A254<\/a>
\nSAE J463
\nASTM A875
\nSAE J526
\nASTM B117
\nSAE J527<\/a>
\nASTM B750
\nSAE J533
\nASTM E8
\nSAE J1290
\nSAE J403<\/p>\n

2.2 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\/Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a GM.<\/strong><\/p>\n

9985670
\nGM9505P
\nGM4298P
\nGM9508P
\nGM4465P
\nGM9509P
\nGM4653M
\nGM9540P
\nGM6277M
\nGMW3001
\nGM9071P
\nGMW3059
\nGM9102P<\/p>\n

2.3 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ed5 sung.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u GMPT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Ph\u00f2ng K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 GM.<\/p>\n

\u2022 X\u0103ng GMPT-6-006 TF2
\n\u2022 D\u1ea7u sinh h\u1ecdc GMPT-5-005
\n\u2022 D\u1ea7u diesel #2 GMPT-5-001
\n\u2022 X\u0103ng b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a GMPT-6-019
\n\u2022 E85 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 pH th\u1ea5p GMPT-6-023<\/p>\n

3 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e9p c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i 1006, 1008 ho\u1eb7c 1010 theo SAE J403. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0n n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a SAE J463, Copper Alloy UNS C51000.
\nGM123M (I\/II\/III\/IV\/V)
\nGM124M (I\/II\/III\/IV\/V\/VI)<\/p>\n

\u2018I\u2019 = M\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n, l\u00e0 B ho\u1eb7c W.
\nB = H\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng, W = H\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n
\n\u2018II\u2019 = \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng sau h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n (mm)
\n\u2018III\u2019 = \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh (mm)
\n\u2018IV\u2019 = Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (*)
\n\u2018V\u2019 = D\u00e0nh cho \u00f4 t\u00f4
\n\u2018VI\u2019 = L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh (**)<\/p>\n

(*) Vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>
\nA = \u1ee6 m\u1ec1m
\nP = Tr\u01a1n
\nU = Ch\u01b0a \u1ee7 (h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n)
\nG = L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kim lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m-h\u1ee3p kim
\nF = \u0110\u1ed3ng nung ch\u1ea3y
\nE = L\u1edbp s\u01a1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng
\nN = Nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12 \u0111\u00f9n
\nC = L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u2013 \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 0,009 mm. N\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n ghi s\u1ed1 ngay sau ch\u1eef C, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: C13 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 0,013 mm.<\/p>\n

(**) Vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh<\/strong>
\nTr\u1ed1ng = Tr\u01a1n
\nP = Tr\u01a1n
\nNi = M\u1ea1 Ni<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\nGM124M (W\/6.00\/0.7\/AGE\/V\/Ni) \u2013 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i 6 mm, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh 0,7 mm, \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m-h\u1ee3p kim k\u00e8m l\u1edbp s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4, v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong m\u1ea1 Ni.<\/p>\n

3.2 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n-\u1ee7 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng-s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n

3.2.1 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u00e9o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1ed1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ASTM E8. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u00e9o ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo SAE J526 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 SAE J527 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

3.2.2 \u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf tr\u00ean mandrel c\u00f4n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c 1:10 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e3n t\u0103ng 20% m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt (ASTM A254, \u0110i\u1ec1u 6.3). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c, bo c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ba via. \u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng trong khu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng theo tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

3.2.3 Tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh b\u00ean trong nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 10,0 mm\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..35 MPa
\n\u2022 Tr\u00ean 10,0 \u0111\u1ebfn 16,0 mm\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u202615 MPa<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: Vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp theo (cu\u1ed9n, n\u1eafn th\u1eb3ng, u\u1ed1n, k\u00e9o, v.v.) s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

3.3 K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dung sai do ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n

3.3.1 \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong SAE J526. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m-h\u1ee3p kim k\u00e8m l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12, GN, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3ng 2.
\n3.3.1.1 M\u00e9p h\u00e0n m\u1ea1 Ni b\u00ean trong.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 Ni t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u00e9p h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e9p h\u00e0n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Ghi nh\u1eadn chi\u1ec1u cao m\u00e9p h\u00e0n (Chi\u1ec1u cao m\u00e9p h\u00e0n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 0,15 mm. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i chi\u1ec1u cao m\u00e9p h\u00e0n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi x\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1ed1i \u0111a).<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng m\u00e9p h\u00e0n t\u1ed1t so v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i H\u00ecnh 2.<\/p>\n

\"Weld<\/p>\n

3.3.2 \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh danh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong SAE J527. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m-h\u1ee3p kim k\u00e8m l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12, GN, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3ng 2.<\/p>\n

3.3.3 \u0110\u1ea7u loe.<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.3.3.1 \u0110\u1ea7u loe ki\u1ec3u SAE ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dung sai quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong SAE J533.
\n3.3.3.2 \u0110\u1ea7u loe ki\u1ec3u ISO ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dung sai quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong SAE J1290.
\n3.3.3.3 \u0110\u1ea6U LOE. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi GM123M (\u0111\u1ea7u loe ng\u01b0\u1ee3c), \u0111\u1ea7u loe \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u B\u1ed5 sung t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea7n S1 c\u1ee7a ASTM A254.<\/p>\n

3.4 Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3ng 1.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1: M\u00e3 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u00e3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u01a1n<\/td>\n\u00a0P<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7; ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n (th\u00e9p 1006, 1008 ho\u1eb7c 1010 theo SAE J403)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m<\/td>\n\u00a0G<\/td>\nL\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: h\u1ee3p kim 5% nh\u00f4m-c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebdm theo ASTM B750
\nKh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7:<\/strong> 50 g\/m2 theo ASTM A875, M\u1ee5c 8. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ba micromet t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c A.<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
H\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m \u2013 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n\u00a0GE<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 theo quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01a1n epoxy gi\u00e0u nh\u00f4m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t.
\n\u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y:<\/strong> L\u1edbp s\u01a1n epoxy gi\u00e0u nh\u00f4m c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n GE ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ba micromet t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o theo c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh trong Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c A. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 trong b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n GE ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t theo chu vi v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
M\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n\u00a0C<\/td>\n\u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
H\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m \u2013 Ph\u1ee7 nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12 \u0111\u00f9n<\/td>\nGN<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12.
\nNgo\u1ea1i quan:<\/strong> L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1ec7t ch\u1ea3y, l\u1ed7 kim, v\u1ebft l\u00f5m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en, tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c.
\n\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u00e0ng:<\/strong> L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 150 \u03bcm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec3n vi theo Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c A. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a (B\u1ea3ng 2). \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 trong b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n GN ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t theo chu vi v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
M\u1ea1 niken<\/td>\nNi<\/td>\nL\u1edbp m\u1ea1 niken b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng.
\n\u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 niken ID c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ba micromet t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o theo c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh trong Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c A. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u1ea1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Ni ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t theo chu vi v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1c<\/td>\n\u00a0Z<\/td>\nCh\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<\/tr\n<\/tbody\n<\/table\n\n\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 GN cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y.<\/p\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng 2: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 GN<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\u00a0K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng, danh ngh\u0129a (mm)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a04.76<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n6.35<\/td>\n\u00a07.94<\/td>\n\u00a08<\/td>\n9.53<\/td>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7, t\u1ed1i \u0111a (mm)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
5.28<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
6.65<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
6.87<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
8.46<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
8.52<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
10.05<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a010<\/td>\n10.52<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a011.11<\/td>\n11.65<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a012.7<\/td>\n13.24<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a014.29<\/td>\n14.83<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a015.88<\/td>\n16.42<\/td>\n<\/tr\n<\/tbody\n<\/table\n\n\n

3.5 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (GE, GN v\u00e0 Ni).<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

3.5.1 Ki\u1ec3m tra phun mu\u1ed1i (GM4298P).<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

\u1ed0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0103n m\u00f2n sau \u0111\u00e2y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n m\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gia c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u1eabu th\u1eed theo H\u00ecnh 3. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong H\u00ecnh 3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp trong bu\u1ed3ng th\u1eed sao cho ph\u1ea7n khu\u1ef7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1 th\u1eed, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00fa kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 gia c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp trong bu\u1ed3ng th\u1eed theo th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n m\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.
\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n m\u00f2n. V\u1ebft b\u1ea9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p\n\n\n

3.5.1.1 H\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m \u2013 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (GE).<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

\u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng GE ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1000 gi\u1edd phun mu\u1ed1i theo GM4298P m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 lan truy\u1ec1n qu\u00e1 1,5 mm (xem GM9102P) t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ebft kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c sau khi th\u1eed phun mu\u1ed1i GM4298P v\u00e0 x\u1ecbt kh\u00ed.<\/p\n\n\n

3.5.1.2 H\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m \u2013 Ph\u1ee7 nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12 \u0111\u00f9n (GN) \u2013 Ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p phun mu\u1ed1i (GM9508P, GM4298P).<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh (xem H\u00ecnh 3) v\u00e0o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp, GM9508P, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p B, n\u0103m l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu. \u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u00e1y th\u1eed va \u0111\u1eadp sao cho m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n song song v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m th\u1eed. Trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd sau khi th\u1eed va \u0111\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u00e0o th\u1eed phun mu\u1ed1i theo ASTM B117 ho\u1eb7c GM4298P.
\nSau 2000 gi\u1edd, \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n lan r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 1 mm t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb va \u0111\u1eadp. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb va \u0111\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t sau 2000 gi\u1edd.<\/p\n\n\n

3.5.2 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m (GM4465P, GM9071P).<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

\u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (GE) ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua 96 gi\u1edd ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m theo GM4465P. Ngay sau th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh b\u0103ng keo theo GM9071P, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft kh\u1eafc th\u1eb3ng d\u1ecdc theo \u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 99%.<\/p\n\n\n

3.5.3 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng m\u1ea1 niken (Ni) (GM4465P, GM9071P).<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

L\u1edbp m\u1ea1 niken b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m theo c\u00e1ch sau, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eb3ng d\u00e0i 100 mm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong H\u00ecnh 4. Ba m\u1eabu th\u1eed cho m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft d\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c m\u00e9p c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t lan ra ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong bu\u1ed3ng th\u1eed sao cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t nghi\u00eang kho\u1ea3ng 30\u00b0 so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng. L\u1edbp m\u1ea1 niken ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 168 gi\u1edd th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m theo GM4465P m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n (v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t). B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u00e0o trong v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n (v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u GM.<\/p\n\n\n

3.5.4 Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ecd r\u1eeda dung m\u00f4i (GM9509P).<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

\u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (GE), khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed c\u1ecd r\u1eeda dung m\u00f4i MEK theo GM9509P, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n sau 50 l\u1ea7n c\u1ecd r\u1eeda hai chi\u1ec1u. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p\n\n\n

3.5.5 Kh\u00e1ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

3.5.5.1 \u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (GE) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec1m h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tr\u00ean l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 khi ng\u00e2m trong 24 gi\u1edd trong d\u1ea7u phanh (GM4653M), x\u0103ng TF2 (GMPT-6-006), Bio-Diesel (GMPT-5-005), diesel #2 (GMPT-5-001), x\u0103ng oxy h\u00f3a (GMPT-6-019) v\u00e0 E85 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 pH th\u1ea5p (GMPT-6-023). Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u phanh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu th\u1eed theo H\u00ecnh 3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.
\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u GMPT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 GM. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c GM ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 GM.<\/p\n\n\n

3.5.5.2 H\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m \u2013 Ph\u1ee7 nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12 \u0111\u00f9n (GN).<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

3.5.5.2.1 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu th\u1eed.<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

M\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 80 mm. D\u00f9ng dao r\u1ecdc gi\u1ea5y Stanley v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1i s\u1ed1 99E ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ea1o hai v\u1ebft c\u1eaft song song c\u00e1ch nhau 2,4 \u00b1 0,1 mm d\u1ecdc theo th\u00e2n \u1ed1ng. Hai v\u1ebft c\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i xuy\u00ean qua l\u1edbp nylon v\u00e0 l\u1edbp s\u01a1n l\u00f3t, ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng. Cho s\u00e1u m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p k\u00edn. \u0110\u1ed5 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u1ea7n th\u1eed theo B\u1ea3ng 3 v\u00e0o h\u1ed9p sao cho kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu ng\u1eadp trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. \u0110\u1eady k\u00edn h\u1ed9p. Ng\u00e2m c\u00e1c m\u1eabu trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo B\u1ea3ng 3. Sau th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 lau kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y.<\/p\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng 3: Kh\u00e1ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Dung d\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian (h)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00b0C)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Dung d\u1ecbch phanh (GM4653M)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a060 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0X\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a (GMPT-6-019)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0TF2 (GMPT-6-006)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a0Bio-Diesel (GMPT-5-005)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a0Diesel #2 (GMPT-5-001)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a0E85 Low pHe (GMPT-6-023)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a0Dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (GM6277M)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a0Dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3 (9985670)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3.5.5.2.2 Quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dao r\u1ecdc gi\u1ea5y, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ebft c\u1eaft song song g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong dung d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao v\u00e0o v\u1ebft c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1ea5c ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3c l\u1edbp nylon cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng k\u00ecm ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. B\u00f3c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu l\u1edbp nylon kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

3.5.5.2.3 Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p ho\u1eb7c bong tr\u00f3c l\u1edbp nylon n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu l\u1edbp nylon b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9t, l\u1edbp nylon ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp s\u01a1n l\u00f3t. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp s\u01a1n l\u00f3t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u00ean l\u1edbp nylon v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

3.5.5.3 L\u1edbp m\u1ea1 niken b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng.<\/strong>\u00a0\u1ed0ng m\u1ea1 niken b\u00ean trong ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eabu th\u1eb3ng d\u00e0i 100 mm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh 5. Ba m\u1eabu th\u1eed cho m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong 504 h \u1edf 60\u00b0C (90\u00b0C \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Bio-Diesel v\u00e0 Diesel #2) khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00bd dung t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch sau: Bio-Diesel (GMPT-5-005), Diesel #2 (GMPT-5-001), X\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a (GMPT-6-019), X\u0103ng 2 pha \u0103n m\u00f2n (GMPT-6-020*) v\u00e0 E85 Low pHe (GMPT-6-023). Sau 504 h ng\u00e2m, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u2013 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ebft \u0103n m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed7 n\u00e0o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t). B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ebft \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u00e0o trong v\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n (v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t) \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u GM.
\nL\u01b0u \u00fd: Th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u GMPT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a GM Powertrain. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c GM ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 GM Powertrain.<\/p>\n

3.5.6 Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n m\u00f2n tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n (GM9505P, Chu k\u1ef3 J ho\u1eb7c GM9540P).<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.5.6.1 \u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (GE) ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (xem H\u00ecnh 3) ch\u1ecbu 10 chu k\u1ef3 (20 tu\u1ea7n) theo GM9505P Chu k\u1ef3 J ho\u1eb7c GM9540P, th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed D. Sau khi th\u1eed tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 14 MPa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 10,0 mm ho\u1eb7c 7 MPa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i tr\u00ean 10 mm. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong g\u00e2y ra th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00ean g\u1eafn c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00edn trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.
\nNgo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c ni\u00eam phong c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.
\nT\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y s\u1ebd do nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a GM th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 PPAP h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\"GM123M<\/p>\n

\"GM123M\"GM123M<\/p>\n

3.5.6.2 H\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m \u2013 Nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12 \u00e9p \u0111\u00f9n (GN).<\/strong><\/p>\n

R\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng dao c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n m\u00f2n tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n GM9505P, Chu k\u1ef3 J, 10 chu k\u1ef3 (20 tu\u1ea7n). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, v\u1ea1ch hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song, d\u00e0i 4 cm v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhau 2,4 \u00b1 0,1 mm, g\u1ea7n t\u00e2m \u1ed1ng. Trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi v\u1ea1ch, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n m\u00f2n tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n theo GM9505P, Chu k\u1ef3 J, 10 chu k\u1ef3 (20 tu\u1ea7n). Sau khi th\u1eed tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 14 MPa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 10,0 mm ho\u1eb7c 7 MPa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i tr\u00ean 10 mm. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong g\u00e2y ra th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00ean g\u1eafn c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00edn trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.
\nNgo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c ni\u00eam phong c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t.
\nK\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u00e8m theo h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 xin ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

3.6 H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p \u00f4 t\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. V\u1ebft h\u00e0n n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn theo th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u1eebng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ebft h\u00e0n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 dung sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o loe ho\u1eb7c cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i k\u00edn. V\u1ebft h\u00e0n b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba via.<\/p>\n

3.6.1 \u1ed0ng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng phanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a 0,20 g tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong, theo ASTM A254, Ph\u1ea7n 8 \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong.
\n3.6.2 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n gia c\u00f4ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 \u1ed1ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u bong tr\u00f3c, n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng d\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c quanh th\u00e2n \u1ed1ng do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

3.7 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

3.8 \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 ghi nh\u00e3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u00ean quy c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c do kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

4 Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

5 Quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

5.1 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p theo quy c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a GMW3001, Quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho Quy c\u00e1ch V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.
\n5.2 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p theo quy c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a GMW3059, Ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho Linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

6 Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u GM (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 MATSPC) d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c A – Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 hai l\u1edbp tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/strong><\/p>\n

A1 Ph\u1ea1m vi<\/strong>
\nQuy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p carbon th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong (ID) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1 niken, v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i (OD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01a1n epoxy gi\u00e0u nh\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 Nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f9n. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong GM123M\/GM124M, thu\u1ed9c B\u1ea3ng 1 v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (GE), (GN) ho\u1eb7c (Ni). Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p carbon th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong (ID) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1 niken, v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i (OD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01a1n epoxy gi\u00e0u nh\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 Nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f9n. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong GM123M\/GM124M, thu\u1ed9c B\u1ea3ng 1 v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u (GE), (GN) ho\u1eb7c (Ni).<\/p>\n

A2 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tham chi\u1ebfu<\/strong>
\nGM123M
\nGM124M<\/p>\n

A3 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>
\nA3.1 K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc.
\nA3.2 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

A4 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu<\/strong>
\n\u1ed0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ngang t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch g\u1edd s\u1eafc, r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4. M\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc ri\u00eang b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f3n tay mi\u1ebft gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c \u00f4m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft (xem H\u00ecnh A1) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eafn l\u00ean gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bao k\u00edn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m th\u1ee7ng gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c. Ph\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng th\u1eeba n\u00ean n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. C\u1ea7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi g\u1eafn m\u1eabu, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng. M\u1eabu n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p n\u00e9n v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t r\u1eafn nh\u01b0 diallylphthalate. \u00c9p n\u00e9n c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c \u00f4m s\u00e1t theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, gi\u1eef m\u00e9p m\u1eabu t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u1ee9a m\u1eabu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1ch m\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

A5 Quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

A5.1 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

A5.1.1 \u0110o\u1ea1n c\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i qua c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb grit 180, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn 320 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 600, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m lem l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.
\nA5.1.2 R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i th\u00f4 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh m\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp theo.
\nA5.1.3 Xoay m\u1eabu 90 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9o r\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m lem ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa s\u01a1n epoxy\/Nylon v\u1edbi l\u1edbp k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eefa l\u1edbp k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m v\u1edbi th\u00e9p.
\nA5.1.4 Sau khi m\u00e0i xong, r\u1eeda k\u1ef9, tr\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng.
\nA5.1.5 \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng b\u00e1nh v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 6 micron, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn 3, 1 v\u00e0 0,25 micron. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch nh\u00f4m oxit 0,05 micron \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00f4m oxit c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ed1 m\u00e0u l\u1edbp k\u1ebdm, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb b\u1ecf b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y.
\nA5.1.6 \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc do b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Xoay m\u1eabu 90 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.
\nA5.1.7 R\u1eeda m\u1eabu gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 micron \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i. Sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng xong, r\u1eeda gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eb9, tr\u00e1ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng methanol.<\/p>\n

A5.2 Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

A5.2.1 M\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ea1ch v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng. Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lem hay k\u00e9o r\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n vi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.
\nA5.2.2 Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 hai l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 xung quanh chu vi ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n ngang c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 l\u1edbp niken b\u00ean trong n\u1ebfu c\u00f3. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i 500 ho\u1eb7c 1000X.
\nA5.2.3 L\u1eafp l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1eebng l\u1edbp. Hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111o b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc micromet ho\u1eb7c slide chu\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00e9p \u0111o n\u00e0o.
\nA5.2.4 Chia chu vi \u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 12 gi\u1edd. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, theo chi\u1ec1u kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp theo \u1edf 3, 6 v\u00e0 9 gi\u1edd so v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 12 gi\u1edd. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ba l\u1ea7n \u0111o ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t (xem H\u00ecnh A2 v\u00e0 A3). Ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 ba k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 12 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, cho c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 l\u1edbp s\u01a1n epoxy ho\u1eb7c Nylon, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 niken n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.
\nA5.2.5 Ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong GM123M\/GM124M. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\nGE\/P<\/td>\nGN<\/td>\nGE\/Ni<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0H\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm-nh\u00f4m (min \u03bcm)<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0S\u01a1n epoxy gi\u00e0u nh\u00f4m (min \u03bcm)<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n\u00a0–<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Nylon 11 ho\u1eb7c 12 (min \u03bcm)<\/td>\n\u00a0–<\/td>\n\u00a0150<\/td>\n\u00a0–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Niken<\/td>\n\u00a0–<\/td>\n\u00a0–<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\"H\u00ecnh
H\u00ecnh A1: H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c b\u1ecdc quanh ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n ngang c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eafn l\u00ean gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1. Mi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o (v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t) tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang v\u00e0 m\u00e0i b\u1edbt<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"H\u00ecnh
H\u00ecnh A2: H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n ngang c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. Tham kh\u1ea3o H\u00ecnh A3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eebng l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u1eef).<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"H\u00ecnh
H\u00ecnh A3: H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng sau khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu kim t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1 Ph\u1ea1m vi C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u00f4 t\u00f4. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee7 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[69,71,72],"class_list":["post-3332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-standards","tag-automotive-standards","tag-steel-tubing","tag-gm"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3332"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3332\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}