{"id":3323,"date":"2018-05-15T09:15:06","date_gmt":"2018-05-15T01:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/?p=3323"},"modified":"2019-11-17T19:58:52","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T11:58:52","slug":"astm-a254-copper-brazed-steel-tubing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/astm-a254-copper-brazed-steel-tubing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng ASTM A254"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh A 254; s\u1ed1 ngay sau k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb n\u0103m\u00a0<\/em>ban h\u00e0nh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u0103m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t. D\u1ea5u m\u0169 epsilon (e) cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bi\u00ean t\u1eadp k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t.<\/em><\/p>\n

1. Ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1.1 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p hai l\u1edbp, h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ebfp, d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng phanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u01b0\u1edfi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, v.v.
\n1.2 C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi theo h\u1ec7 inch-pound \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

2. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn<\/strong><\/h3>\n

2.1 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM:<\/em><\/p>\n

A 370 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eed c\u01a1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p2
\nE 30 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00e9p, gang, s\u1eaft l\u00f2 Martin v\u00e0 s\u1eaft r\u00e8n3
\nE 59 Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu th\u00e9p v\u00e0 gang \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

2.2 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u00d4 t\u00f4 Hoa K\u1ef3:<\/em><\/p>\n

J 533 \u0110\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng loe<\/p>\n

3. Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

3.1 \u0110\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin sau, t\u00f9y theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u mong mu\u1ed1n:<\/p>\n

\"H\u00ccNH
H\u00ccNH 1 \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n, hai l\u1edbp, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o h\u00e0n 360 \u0111\u1ed9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

3.1.1 S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (feet, m\u00e9t),
\n3.1.2 T\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (\u1ed1ng th\u00e9p h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng),
\n3.1.3 Lo\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (xem H\u00ecnh 1) (th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00eau lo\u1ea1i),
\n3.1.4 K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh; th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trong),
\n3.1.5 Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i (c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean),
\n3.1.6 \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (xem M\u1ee5c 8),
\n3.1.7 L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (xem M\u1ee5c 7 v\u00e0 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung S2), v\u00e0
\n3.1.8 C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 sung, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 so v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

4. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h3>\n

4.1 Th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o.
\n4.2 N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.
\n4.3 Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00e2u kh\u1eed kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c tinh luy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y b\u1eb1ng x\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 quang ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, m\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t.
\n4.4 Th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac th\u00e0nh ph\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Khi \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p kh\u00e1c nhau theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1c. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p.
\n4.5 \u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1n d\u1ea3i th\u00e9p th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed.
\n4.6 \u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 minh h\u1ecda \u1edf H\u00ecnh 1.
\n4.7 Sau khi h\u00e0n, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

5. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n

5.1 Th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u1ea3ng 1.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea2NG 1 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/td>\nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Carbon<\/td>\n0.05 \u0111\u1ebfn 0.15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mangan<\/td>\n0.27 \u0111\u1ebfn 0.63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ph\u1ed1t pho, t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td>\n0.035<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td>\n0.035<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

5.2 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n\u2014Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\n5.3 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u2014\u1ed0ng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u00e9p \u0111\u00fac n\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p \u0111\u00fac k\u00edn, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sai ph\u1ea1m.
\n5.4 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u2014C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00eau trong Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed E 30 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i. C\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng.
\n5.5 L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u2014Tr\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y theo Quy tr\u00ecnh E 59.<\/p>\n

6. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h3>\n

6.1 Th\u1eed k\u00e9o<\/em>\u2014T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng khi m\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gia c\u00f4ng ngu\u1ed9i) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong B\u1ea3ng 2.<\/p>\n

6.1.1 C\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p th\u1eed k\u00e9o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a A 370.
\n6.1.2 M\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng.
\n6.1.3 M\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh u\u1ed1n m\u00e9p, \u00e9p, nong ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eaft theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. Hai \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb5n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba via hay khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.
\n6.1.4 N\u1ebfu m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c.
\n6.1.5 Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0 0.2% chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i 0.5% chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.
\n6.1.6 N\u1ebfu t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n g\u00e3y n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch t\u00e2m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o h\u01a1n 3\u20444 in. (19.0 mm), nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea2NG 2 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, psi (MPa)<\/td>\n42 000 (290)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, psi (MPa)<\/td>\n25 000 (172)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i trong 2 in. (50.8 mm), t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, %<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

6.2 Th\u1eed \u00e9p ph\u1eb3ng<\/em>\u2014M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed1ng d\u00e0i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 21\u20442 in. (64 mm) ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p ph\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa hai t\u1ea5m song song cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi hai th\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.
\n6.3 Th\u1eed nong<\/em>\u2014M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed1ng d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 4 in. (100 mm) ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nong tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c c\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c 1:10 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u nong t\u0103ng 20% m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. (Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed nong, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng, v\u00e1t m\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ba via. \u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng trong khu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nong ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang theo tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng.)
\n6.4 Th\u1eed u\u1ed1n<\/em>\u2014\u1ed0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng ba l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u1eadp, n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 u\u1ed1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.
\n6.5 Th\u1eed \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh<\/em>\u2014M\u1ed7i \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 hay r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u00e9p th\u1eed \u00e1p l\u1ef1c sau:<\/p>\n

6.5.1 \u00c1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 16 000 psi (110 MPa). \u00c1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n

P = 2St\/D
\ntrong \u0111\u00f3:
\nP = \u00e1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh, psi (ho\u1eb7c MPa),
\nS = \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i cho ph\u00e9p, 16 000 psi (110 MPa),
\nt = chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng, in. (ho\u1eb7c mm), v\u00e0
\nD = \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng, in. (ho\u1eb7c mm).<\/p>\n

6.5.2 \u00c1p l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 225 \u0111\u1ebfn 250 psi (1.55 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.73 MPa).<\/p>\n

7. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/strong><\/h3>\n

7.1 \u1ed0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i, t\u00f9y theo l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

8. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong<\/h3>\n

8.1 Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong, \u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

8.1.1 Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda b\u00ean trong b\u1eb1ng chloroform c\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c 1,1,1-trichloroethane c\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1eb7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i sau khi dung m\u00f4i bay h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1.25×10\u22124<\/sup> g\/in.2<\/sup> (0.194 g\/m2<\/sup>) di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ed5 100 mL dung m\u00f4i qua \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thu l\u1ea1i. T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi 40 ft (12 m), m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t dung m\u00f4i qua t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. Bay h\u01a1i dung m\u00f4i trong b\u1ec3 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, r\u1ed3i s\u1ea5y \u1edf 110\u00b0C (230\u00b0F) cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ebft h\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

8.2 \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y trong v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u01b0u kho, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecbt k\u00edn hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng n\u1eafp ho\u1eb7c gio\u0103ng b\u1ecbt.<\/p>\n

9. Dung sai k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/h3>\n

9.1 \u1ed0ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch cho ph\u00e9p ghi trong B\u1ea3ng 3, B\u1ea3ng 4 v\u00e0 B\u1ea3ng 5.
\n10. Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i quan
\n10.1 \u1ed0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, nh\u1eb5n m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong l\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t, v\u1ea3y s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u1ed0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea2NG 3 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, in. (mm)<\/td>\n\u00a0Sai l\u1ec7ch, in. (mm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a0C\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0D\u01b0\u1edbi 3\u204416 (4.76)<\/td>\n\u00a00.002 (0.051)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0T\u1eeb 3\u204416 (4.76) \u0111\u1ebfn 3\u20448 (9.53)<\/td>\n\u00a00.003 (0.076)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0T\u1eeb 7\u204416 (11.1) \u0111\u1ebfn 5\u20448 (15.9)<\/td>\n\u00a00.004 (0.102)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

B\u1ea2NG 4 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, in. (mm)<\/td>\n\u00a0Sai l\u1ec7ch, in. (mm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a0C\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0T\u1eeb 0.020 (0.51) \u0111\u1ebfn 0.030 (0.76)<\/td>\n\u00a00.003 (0.08)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0T\u1eeb 0.031 (0.79) \u0111\u1ebfn 0.049 (1.24)<\/td>\n\u00a00.0035 (0.09)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

B\u1ea2NG 5 Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1eaft quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, in. (m)<\/td>\n\u00a0Sai l\u1ec7ch, in. (mm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a018 (0.46) tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n\u00b10.03 (\u00b10.76)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Tr\u00ean 18 (0.46) \u0111\u1ebfn 40 (1.02)<\/td>\n\u00a0\u00b10.06 (\u00b11.52)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Tr\u00ean 40 (1.02) \u0111\u1ebfn 80 (2.03)<\/td>\n\u00a0\u00b10.12 (\u00b13.05 )<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Tr\u00ean 80 (2.03) \u0111\u1ebfn 120 (3.05)<\/td>\n\u00a0\u00b10.25 (\u00b16.35 )<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Tr\u00ean 120 (3.05)<\/td>\n\u00a0+1.00 (+25.4), \u22120.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

11. Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

11.1 N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed c\u01a1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed1ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau.<\/p>\n

12. X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/h3>\n

12.1 N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m\/l\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i n\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u0111a hai l\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

13. Ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong><\/h3>\n

13.1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u00ean mua c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ean mua, t\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00fang theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh sao cho kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

14. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/strong><\/h3>\n

14.1 M\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean mua ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00eau trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ed1ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i do hai b\u00ean th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn.
\n14.2 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n gia c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y do hai b\u00ean th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

15. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h3>\n

15.1 Khi c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ean mua, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m do nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u00fd t\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u00ean mua, trong \u0111\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, n\u0103m ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eed k\u00e9o (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed kh\u00e1c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00ean mua.<\/p>\n

16. Ghi nh\u00e3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/h3>\n

16.1 S\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ghi n\u0103m ban h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n), t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean th\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e3n g\u1eafn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a \u1ed1ng khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.
\n16.2 M\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch\u2014Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i 16.1, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. B\u00ean mua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

\n

Y\u00caU C\u1ea6U B\u1ed4 SUNG<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi b\u00ean mua quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng. Chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0y do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00ean mua th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

S1. Th\u1eed loe<\/strong><\/p>\n

S1.1 \u1ed0ng h\u00e0n ch\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh loe k\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n SAE J 533 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t xuy\u00ean qua th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e9p loe. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i m\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng loe, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f9ng A (xem H\u00ecnh S1.1). S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 0.12 in. (3.0 mm) v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p t\u00e1ch m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c sau:<\/p>\n

\"ASTM<\/p>\n

S1.1.1 V\u00f9ng B (\u0111\u00e1y loe, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1eb1m trong g\u00f3c 90\u00b0); b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb5n m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t hay c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.
\nS1.1.2 V\u00f9ng C (b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp k\u00e9p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh loe).<\/p>\n

S1.2 \u0110\u00e1y loe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft r\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u00e9p loe. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m mang t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i do d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 loe b\u1ecb m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c do phoi ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee5i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 loe. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i quan c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1y loe b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd, ti\u00eau ch\u00ed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1y loe c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u00edn khi th\u1eed \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1ee9c m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

S2. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n

S2.1 B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ec-k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00ean mua th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

S3. Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

S3.1 \u1ed0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng nh\u1eb5n m\u1ecbn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba via.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh A 254; s\u1ed1 ngay sau k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb n\u0103m\u00a0ban h\u00e0nh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u0103m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t. D\u1ea5u m\u0169 epsilon (e) cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[71,74],"class_list":["post-3323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-standards","tag-steel-tubing","tag-astm"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3323"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3323\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}