{"id":3332,"date":"2018-05-15T09:50:11","date_gmt":"2018-05-15T01:50:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/?p=3332"},"modified":"2019-11-17T19:57:41","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T11:57:41","slug":"gm123m-gm124m-automotive-steel-tubing-fluid-handling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/tr\/gm123m-gm124m-automotive-steel-tubing-fluid-handling\/","title":{"rendered":"GM123M GM124M Ak\u0131\u015fkan Ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in Otomotiv \u00c7elik Borular\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

1 Kapsam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu teknik \u015fartnameler, otomotiv uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun iki tip \u00e7elik boruyu kapsar. Temel metal, iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 kaplama malzemeleri ve kaplanm\u0131\u015f borulara ili\u015fkin gereklilikler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu gereklilikler, boru \u00fcretim tesislerinden ve bazen ayr\u0131 tesislerde bulunan kaplama uygulama hatlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcne uygulan\u0131r. Bu borular, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131n ve montajlar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu par\u00e7alar\u0131n ve montajlar\u0131n korozyon dayan\u0131m\u0131, iletkenlik ve s\u00fcreklilik, mukavemet, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ve belirli uygulamaya \u00f6zg\u00fc di\u011fer kritik \u00f6zellikler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011frulanmas\u0131 tavsiye edilir.<\/p>\n

1.1 GM123M.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ki duvarl\u0131 yap\u0131da olan ve iki duvar ile birle\u015fim yerlerinin indirgen atmosferde bak\u0131r lehimlenmesiyle hidrolik hatlar i\u00e7in uygun boru \u00fcretimi sa\u011flayan boruyu kapsar. Kal\u0131nt\u0131 bak\u0131r\u0131n asit gaz\u0131 olu\u015fumuna katk\u0131da bulunabilece\u011fi i\u00e7in yak\u0131t hatlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekir. \u015eekil 1\u2019e bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

1.2 GM124M.<\/strong>Bir duvarl\u0131 yap\u0131da olan ve birle\u015fim yerinin elektrik ark kaynakla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 boruyu kapsar. Yak\u0131t hatlar\u0131, hidrolik direksiyon hatlar\u0131, \u015fanz\u0131man ya\u011f so\u011futucu hatlar\u0131, ya\u011flama hatlar\u0131, vakum hatlar\u0131 vb. i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilir. \u015eekil 1\u2019e bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\"GM123M<\/p>\n

1.3 Boru Tan\u0131mlama Kodu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Boru tipini, d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131, duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, imalat durumu y\u00fczeyini ve i\u00e7 \u00e7ap (ID) kaplamas\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek i\u00e7in 3.1 numaral\u0131 paragraftaki kodlar\u0131n \u00e7izimlerde ve sat\u0131n alma sipari\u015flerinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 tavsiye edilir.<\/p>\n

1.4 Tipik Uygulama.<\/strong><\/p>\n

GM123M genellikle hidrolik fren hatlar\u0131nda, GM124M ise yak\u0131t hatlar\u0131, hidrolik direksiyon hatlar\u0131, \u015fanz\u0131man ya\u011f so\u011futucu hatlar\u0131, ya\u011flama hatlar\u0131, vakum hatlar\u0131 vb. gibi alanlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2 Referanslar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Not: Aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e yaln\u0131zca en son onaylanm\u0131\u015f standartlar ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

2.1 D\u0131\u015f Standartlar\/\u015eartnameler.<\/strong><\/p>\n

ASTM A254<\/a>
\nSAE J463
\nASTM A875
\nSAE J526
\nASTM B117
\nSAE J527<\/a>
\nASTM B750
\nSAE J533
\nASTM E8
\nSAE J1290
\nSAE J403<\/p>\n

2.2 GM Standartlar\u0131\/\u015eartnameler.<\/strong><\/p>\n

9985670
\nGM9505P
\nGM4298P
\nGM9508P
\nGM4465P
\nGM9509P
\nGM4653M
\nGM9540P
\nGM6277M
\nGMW3001
\nGM9071P
\nGMW3059
\nGM9102P<\/p>\n

2.3 Ek Referanslar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

GMPT yak\u0131tlar\u0131yla ilgili bilgi, GM Powertrain Malzeme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilerek al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 GMPT-6-006 TF2 benzin
\n\u2022 GMPT-5-005 Bio-Dizel
\n\u2022 GMPT-5-001 #2 Dizel
\n\u2022 GMPT-6-019 Okside Edilmi\u015f Benzin
\n\u2022 GMPT-6-023 E85 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck pH\u2019li<\/p>\n

3 Gereklilikler<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1 Genel Gereklilikler.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Temel boru malzemesi SAE J403\u2019e g\u00f6re so\u011fuk haddelenmi\u015f 1006, 1008 veya 1010 \u00e7elik olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Lehim malzemesi SAE J463 uyar\u0131nca bak\u0131r veya bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan, Bak\u0131r Ala\u015f\u0131m UNS C51000 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nGM123M (I\/II\/III\/IV\/V)
\nGM124M (I\/II\/III\/IV\/V\/VI)<\/p>\n

\u2018I\u2019 = Parantez i\u00e7indeki ilk \u00f6\u011fe, B veya W.
\nB = Lehimlenmi\u015f, W = Kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f
\n\u2018II\u2019 = Lehimlenmi\u015f veya kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f borunun d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131 (mm)
\n\u2018III\u2019 = Duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (mm)
\n\u2018IV\u2019 = \u0130malat S\u00fcreci (*)
\n\u2018V\u2019 = Otomotiv
\n\u2018VI\u2019 = \u0130\u00e7 \u00c7ap Kaplamas\u0131(**)<\/p>\n

(*) S\u00fcre\u00e7 K\u0131saltmalar\u0131:<\/strong>
\nA = Tavlama
\nP = Y\u00fczeyi P\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz
\nU = Tavlanmam\u0131\u015f (kaynak sonras\u0131)
\nG = \u00c7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m Metal Kaplama
\nF = Bak\u0131r F\u00fczyonu
\nE = Geli\u015fmi\u015f Korozyon Koruma Boya Kaplamas\u0131
\nN = Ekstr\u00fcde Naylon 11 veya 12
\nC = Bak\u0131r Kaplama \u2013 Standart bak\u0131r kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 minimum 0,009 mm\u2019dir. Standart kal\u0131nl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir kal\u0131nl\u0131k talep edildi\u011finde, C harfinin hemen ard\u0131ndan rakam(lar) kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r; \u00f6rne\u011fin C13, minimum 0,013 mm anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

(**) \u0130\u00e7 \u00c7ap K\u0131saltmalar\u0131<\/strong>
\nBo\u015f = Y\u00fczeyi P\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz
\nP = Y\u00fczeyi P\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz
\nNi = Nikel Kaplama<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek:
\nGM124M (W\/6.00\/0.7\/AGE\/V\/Ni) \u2013 kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f tek duvarl\u0131 boruyu, 6 mm d\u0131\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131, 0,7 mm duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131kl\u0131, tavlanm\u0131\u015f boruyu, \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m taban kaplamas\u0131 ve \u00fczerine uygulanan boya ile korozyondan korunan, otomotiv uygulamas\u0131na uygun, nikel kapl\u0131 i\u00e7 \u00e7apl\u0131 boruyu ifade eder.<\/p>\n

3.2 Mekanik \u00d6zellikler.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gereklilikler yaln\u0131zca daha yayg\u0131n \u00e7elik boru tipleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir; yani kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f-tavlama ve lehimlenmi\u015f-imalat halindeki borular i\u00e7in. Kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f mekanik boru veya i\u015f sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f boru gibi di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131f borular\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri, tedarik\u00e7i ile al\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6zel anla\u015fma ile belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

3.2.1 Germe testleri, ASTM E8\u2019de tan\u0131mlanan t\u00fcplerin test y\u00f6ntemlerine uygun olarak bitmi\u015f t\u00fcpte yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Germe \u00f6zellikleri, kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f borular i\u00e7in SAE J526\u2019a, lehimlenmi\u015f borular i\u00e7in SAE J527\u2019e g\u00f6re olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.2.2 Borular, geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ucunun d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131 %20 artana kadar, e\u011fimi 1\/10 olan konik mandal \u00fczerinde \u00e7atlamadan veya kusur g\u00f6stermeden geni\u015fletilebilmelidir (ASTM A254, Madde 6.3). Geni\u015fletme testinden \u00f6nce borular d\u00fcz kesilmeli, kenarlar\u0131 yuvarlat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve delikler temizlenmelidir. Boru kal\u0131p i\u00e7inde sa\u011flam ve dik tutulmal\u0131, pimit borunun eksenine do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

3.2.3 Aksi belirtilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, borular a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7 statik hidrolik bas\u0131nc\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilmelidir:<\/p>\n

\u2022 10,0 mm d\u0131\u015f \u00e7apa kadar\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..35 MPa
\n\u2022 10,0 mm\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcnden 16,0 mm\u2019ye kadar\u2026\u2026.15 MPa<\/p>\n

Not: Borunun sonradan so\u011fuk i\u015flem g\u00f6rmesi (sarmalama, d\u00fczelme, b\u00fckme, \u00e7ekme vb.) borunun mukavemetini ve sertli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r. Belirli uygulamalar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek mukavemet ve sertlik, borunun so\u011fuk i\u015flem g\u00f6rmesi veya y\u00fczey sertle\u015ftirme i\u015flemiyle elde edilebilir.<\/p>\n

3.3 Boyutlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Borular, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n belirtti\u011fi boyut ve toleranslara uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.3.1 Kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f Borular.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nominal \u00e7ap ve duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 SAE J526\u2019da belirtilenlere uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m ve \u00fczerine ekstr\u00fcde Naylon 11 veya 12 kaplama GN i\u00e7in maksimum d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap Tablo 2\u2019de verilmi\u015ftir.
\n3.3.1.1 Nikel Kapl\u0131 ID Kaynak Noktas\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynakta nikelin iyi akmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, kaynak diki\u015finin d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir kesit profiline ve minimum diki\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine sahip olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Diki\u015f y\u00fcksekli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc rapor edin (Tipik diki\u015f y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 0,15 mm veya daha az olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Maksimum diki\u015f y\u00fcksekli\u011fi gereksinimi belirlenene kadar diki\u015f y\u00fcksekli\u011fini izlemeye devam edin).<\/p>\n

\u0130yi ve istenmeyen diki\u015f profillerine \u00f6rnekler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u015eekil 2\u2019de g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"Kaynak<\/p>\n

3.3.2 Lehimlenmi\u015f Borular.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nominal \u00e7ap ve duvar kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 SAE J527\u2019de belirtilenlere uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m ve \u00fczerine ekstr\u00fcde Naylon 11 veya 12 kaplama GN i\u00e7in maksimum d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap Tablo 2\u2019de verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

3.3.3 Flare U\u00e7lar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.3.3.1 SAE tipi flare\u2019lar SAE J533\u2019te g\u00f6sterilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere ve toleranslara uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n3.3.3.2 ISO tipi flare\u2019lar SAE J1290\u2019da g\u00f6sterilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere ve toleranslara uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n3.3.3.3 FLARE U\u00c7LAR. GM123M (ters flare) durumunda, boru flare u\u00e7lar\u0131 ASTM A254 b\u00f6l\u00fcm S1\u2019deki Ek Gerekliliklere uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.4 Ciltler.<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcplerin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeylerindeki cilt, Tablo 1\u2019de g\u00f6sterilen belirlenen cilde uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tablo 1: D\u0131\u015f Cilt Kodlar\u0131 ve Gereklilikler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Biti\u015f<\/strong><\/td>\nBiti\u015f Kodu<\/strong><\/td>\nA\u00e7\u0131klama ve Malzeme Gereklilikleri<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D\u00fcz<\/td>\n\u00a0P<\/td>\nHerhangi bir kaplama yok; yaln\u0131zca baz metal (SAE J403\u2019e g\u00f6re 1006, 1008 veya 1010 \u00e7elik)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/td>\n\u00a0G<\/td>\nS\u0131cak dald\u0131rma \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m kaplamas\u0131. Kimyasal Bile\u015fim: ASTM B750\u2019e g\u00f6re %5 al\u00fcminyum-kalan\u0131 \u00e7inko ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131
\nKaplama k\u00fctlesi:<\/strong> ASTM A875\u2019e g\u00f6re 50 g\/m2, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 8. Kal\u0131nl\u0131k, Ek A\u2019ya g\u00f6re t\u00fcbinin herhangi bir yerinde en az \u00fc\u00e7 mikrometre olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Geli\u015fmi\u015f Korozyon Korumas\u0131<\/td>\n\u00a0GE<\/td>\nYukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ard\u0131ndan onaylanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6n i\u015flem s\u00fcreci ve onaylanm\u0131\u015f al\u00fcminyum zengini epoksi kaplamas\u0131.
\nKal\u0131nl\u0131k \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri:<\/strong> GE biti\u015findeki al\u00fcminyum zengini epoksi boyan\u0131n, Ek A\u2019daki prosed\u00fcrlerle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde t\u00fcbinin herhangi bir yerinde en az \u00fc\u00e7 mikrometre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. GE biti\u015findeki kaplamalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, her t\u00fcp hatt\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7evresel ve uzamsal olarak izlenmelidir. Numune alma plan\u0131 kontrol plan\u0131nda belirtilmelidir.<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
Bak\u0131r Kaplama<\/td>\n\u00a0C<\/td>\nElektrolizle kaplanm\u0131\u015f t\u00fcp<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Ekstr\u00fcde Naylon 11 veya 12<\/td>\nGN<\/td>\nYukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ard\u0131ndan Naylon 11 veya 12 \u00fcst katman\u0131.
\nG\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm:<\/strong> \u00dcst katman renk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan homojen olmal\u0131 ve ak\u0131nt\u0131 izleri, i\u011fne delikleri, kraterler veya anormal p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck gibi kesintilerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fchendislik \u00e7iziminde aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e \u00fcst katman siyah renkte olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nFilm Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Naylon 11 veya 12 \u00fcst katman\u0131n, Ek A\u2019ya g\u00f6re mikroskopik inceleme ile test edildi\u011finde en az 150 \u03bcm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Kaplaman\u0131n maksimum kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, maksimum OD (Tablo 2) ile kontrol edilmelidir. GN biti\u015findeki kaplamalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, her t\u00fcp hatt\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7evresel ve uzamsal olarak izlenmelidir. Numune alma plan\u0131 kontrol plan\u0131nda belirtilmelidir.<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
Di\u011fer<\/td>\n\u00a0Z<\/td>\n\u00a0TBD<\/td>\n<\/tr\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Not: S\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131t hatt\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131nda GN \u00fcst katman\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131t hatt\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in tam malzeme onay\u0131 verilene kadar kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tablo 2: GN Kaplamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Maksimum OD<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0T\u00fcp Boyutu, Nominal (mm)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0Kapl\u0131 T\u00fcp OD, Maks (mm)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a04.76<\/td>\n5.28<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
6<\/td>\n6.65<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
6.35<\/td>\n6.87<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a07.94<\/td>\n8.46<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a08<\/td>\n8.52<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
9.53<\/td>\n10.05<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a010<\/td>\n10.52<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a011.11<\/td>\n11.65<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a012.7<\/td>\n13.24<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a014.29<\/td>\n14.83<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a015.88<\/td>\n16.42<\/td>\n<\/tr\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

3.5 \u00c7evresel Diren\u00e7 (GE, GN ve Ni).<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.5.1 Tuz P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme Testi (GM4298P).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kapl\u0131 t\u00fcb\u00fcler \u00fcr\u00fcnler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki korozyon testlerine ve de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerine tabi tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm korozyon testleri, imal edilmi\u015f par\u00e7alar \u00fczerinde veya \u015eekil 3\u2019teki test numunesi \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmelidir. \u015eekil 3\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131klanan test numuneleri, test odas\u0131nda \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f dirse\u011fin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bakacak \u015fekilde ancak test aparat\u0131na de\u011fmeyecek \u015fekilde konumland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r, belirtilen durumlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda. \u0130mal edilmi\u015f par\u00e7alar ise test tesisi ile denetleyici makam aras\u0131nda var\u0131lan anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re test odas\u0131nda konumland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm korozyon testlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol plan\u0131nda belgelenmelidir.
\nNot: Y\u00fczeydeki kirleticiler korozyon testinde lekelenmeye neden olabilir. Korozyon olmaks\u0131z\u0131n olu\u015fan lekeler korozyon ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kaydedilmemelidir.<\/p>\n

3.5.1.1 \u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Geli\u015fmi\u015f Korozyon Korumas\u0131 (GE).<\/strong><\/p>\n

GE geli\u015fmi\u015f korozyon korumas\u0131 t\u00fcpleri, GM4298P\u2019e g\u00f6re 1000 saatlik tuz p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme maruziyetine dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r; uzamsal olarak yerle\u015ftirilen \u00e7izgilere g\u00f6re en fazla 1,5 mm creepback (GM9102P\u2019ye bak\u0131n\u0131z) ve GM4298P maruziyeti ile havaland\u0131rmadan sonra ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir yap\u0131\u015fma kayb\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.5.1.2 \u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Ekstr\u00fcde Naylon 11 veya 12 (GN) D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00c7ip Direnci art\u0131 Tuz P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme (GM9508P, GM4298P).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eekil 3\u2019teki \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f t\u00fcp numunelerini (bkz. \u015eekil 3), \u00e7ip direnci testi olan GM9508P\u2019nin B Y\u00f6ntemi ile be\u015fer kez maruz b\u0131rak\u0131n. T\u00fcp, e\u011frinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fczlem panelle paralel olacak \u015fekilde gravimetreye yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. Gravimetre maruziyetinden sonraki 24 saat i\u00e7inde numuneleri ASTM B117 veya GM4298P\u2019e g\u00f6re tuz p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme testine sokun.
\nT\u00fcp, 2000 saat sonras\u0131nda, \u00e7ip darbesi alan b\u00f6lgeden 1 mm\u2019den daha fazla yay\u0131lan baz metal korozyonuna sahip olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ip darbesi almam\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgeler ise 2000 saat sonras\u0131nda paslanmadan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.5.2 Nem Testi (GM4465P, GM9071P).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Geli\u015fmi\u015f korozyon korumas\u0131 t\u00fcpleri (GE), GM4465P\u2019e g\u00f6re 96 saatlik nem testine tabi tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nem testinden hemen sonra t\u00fcp kurulanacak ve GM9071P\u2019e g\u00f6re bant yap\u0131\u015fma testi yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r; tek istisna t\u00fcpte uzamsal olarak bir do\u011frusal \u00e7izgi olu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131\u015fma oran\u0131 en az %99 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.5.3 Nikel Kapl\u0131 (Ni) Nem Testi (GM4465P, GM9071P).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nikel kapl\u0131 i\u00e7 y\u00fczey kaplamas\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki nem testine 100 mm d\u00fcz numuneler ve \u015eekil 4\u2019te g\u00f6sterilen test numuneleriyle maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her yap\u0131daki \u00fc\u00e7 test numunesi uzamsal olarak kesilerek t\u00fcp\u00fcn i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Test numunelerinin kesik kenarlar\u0131, pas\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yeterince korunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Numuneler, i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyleri yukar\u0131 bakacak \u015fekilde test odas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. D\u00fcz numuneler, suyun akmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in dikey eksenden yakla\u015f\u0131k 30\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131yla yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. Nikel kaplama, GM4465P\u2019e g\u00f6re 168 saatlik nem maruziyetine dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r; kaynak (\u0131s\u0131 etkili) b\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 pas olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kaynak (\u0131s\u0131 etkili) b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen herhangi bir korozyon, GM Malzeme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi onay\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecektir.<\/p>\n

3.5.4 Solvent Ovalama Testi (GM9509P).<\/strong><\/p>\n

Geli\u015fmi\u015f korozyon korumas\u0131 t\u00fcpleri (GE), MEK solventi ile GM9509P\u2019e g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan ovalama testinde, 50 \u00e7ift ovma sonras\u0131nda bir veya daha iyi bir derece sergilemelidir. Bu test, her \u00fcretim partisi t\u00fcp\u00fc \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmeli ve kontrol plan\u0131nda belgelenmelidir. Bir \u00fcretim partisinin tan\u0131m\u0131, kalite sistem belgelerinde yer almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.5.5 Ak\u0131\u015fkan Direnci.<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.5.5.1 Geli\u015fmi\u015f korozyon korumas\u0131 t\u00fcpleri (GE), fren hidroli\u011fi (GM4653M), TF2 benzin (GMPT-6-006), Biyodizel (GMPT-5-005), #2 Dizel (GMPT-5-001), Oksitlenmi\u015f Benzin (GMPT-6-019) ve E85 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck pH\u2019li (GMPT-6-023) s\u0131v\u0131lara 24 saat bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yumu\u015fama veya film kusurlar\u0131 g\u00f6stermemelidir. Bu test, fren hidroli\u011fi ile haftada en az bir kez \u00fcretim par\u00e7alar\u0131 veya \u015eekil 3\u2019teki numuneler \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmeli ve kontrol plan\u0131nda belgelenmelidir.
\nNot: GMPT yak\u0131tlar\u0131yla ilgili bilgiler, GM Powertrain Malzeme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilerek al\u0131nabilir. Yak\u0131tlar GM taraf\u0131ndan onaylanm\u0131\u015f tedarik\u00e7ilerden sat\u0131n al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her yak\u0131t i\u00e7in GM Powertrain m\u00fchendisine g\u00f6re en g\u00fcncel ekleme seviyesi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3.5.5.2 \u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Ekstr\u00fcde Naylon 11 veya 12 (GN).<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.5.5.2.1 Numune Haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Numuneler en az 80 mm uzunlu\u011funda olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Stanley tipi bir el b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ile (#99E b\u0131\u00e7ak veya e\u015fde\u011feri) t\u00fcp boyunca \u00e7apraz olarak 2,4 \u00b1 0,1 mm aral\u0131kl\u0131 iki paralel \u00e7izgi \u00e7ekin; bu \u00e7izgiler naylon katman\u0131 ve astar\u0131 delip t\u00fcp\u00fcn t\u00fcm uzunlu\u011fu boyunca alt tabakaya ula\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her s\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7in alt\u0131 adet numune s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz bir kab\u0131n i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirin. Kab\u0131 Tablo 3\u2019te belirtilen gereken s\u0131v\u0131 ile doldurun; her numunenin yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131ya batm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kab\u0131 kapat\u0131n. Numuneleri Tablo 3\u2019te belirtilen s\u00fcre ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bekletin. Belirlenen s\u00fcre sonunda numuneleri s\u0131v\u0131dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p ka\u011f\u0131t havlu ile kurulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Tablo 3: Ak\u0131\u015fkan Direnci<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u0131v\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\nZaman (h)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00b0C)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Distile Su<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Fren Suyu (GM4653M)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a060 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Oksitlenmi\u015f Benzin (GMPT-6-019)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0TF2 (GMPT-6-006)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a0Biyodizel (GMPT-5-005)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a0#2 Dizel (GMPT-5-001)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a0E85 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck pH’li (GMPT-6-023)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a0Motor So\u011futma Suyu (GM6277M)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n\n\n
\u00a0\u00d6n Cam Y\u0131kama Sol\u00fcsyonu (9985670)<\/td>\n\u00a0504<\/td>\n\u00a023 \u00b1 2<\/td>\n<\/tr\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table\n\n\n

3.5.5.2.2 Kaplama Ayr\u0131lma Prosed\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

Kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7akla, s\u0131v\u0131ya bat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f numunenin ucuna yak\u0131n iki paralel kesim aras\u0131nda dik bir kesik yap\u0131n. B\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ucu dik kesikte olacak \u015fekilde, naylon \u015feridi pense veya benzeri bir aletle kavrayabilece\u011finiz noktaya kadar kald\u0131rmaya veya soyarak geriye do\u011fru \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n. B\u00f6l\u00fcm ya kopana ya da borunun t\u00fcm uzunlu\u011fundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lana kadar soyun. \u015eerit tamamen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, i\u015flemi numunenin buhar taraf\u0131ndan tekrarlay\u0131n.<\/p\n\n\n

3.5.5.2.3 Kabul Kriterleri.<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

Kaplama ay\u0131rma prosed\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00f6nce naylon \u00fczerinde herhangi bir kabarma veya delaminasyon belirtisi olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kaplama ay\u0131rma prosed\u00fcr\u00fcnden sonra, naylon \u015feridi kopsa numune kabul edilir. Kopmazsa, \u015feritte astar\u0131n kohezif k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Kohezif k\u0131r\u0131lma, astar\u0131n naylon \u015feridi ve boru alt tabakas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u015fekilde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p\n\n\n

3.5.5.3 Elektrolizle Kaplanm\u0131\u015f Nikel \u0130\u00e7 \u00c7ap Kaplamas\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0Nikel kapl\u0131 i\u00e7 \u00e7apl\u0131 borular, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki listede yer alan s\u0131v\u0131lara 100 mm d\u00fcz numuneler ve \u015eekil 5’te g\u00f6sterilen test numuneleri kullan\u0131larak maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her konfig\u00fcrasyondan \u00fc\u00e7er adet test numunesi, \u015fu s\u0131v\u0131larla yar\u0131ya kadar doldurularak 60\u00b0C’de (Biyodizel ve #2 Dizel i\u00e7in 90\u00b0C) 504 saat boyunca maruz kalacakt\u0131r: Biyodizel (GMPT-5-005), #2 Dizel (GMPT-5-001), Oksitlenmi\u015f Benzin (GMPT-6-019), Korozif \u0130ki Fazl\u0131 Benzin (GMPT-6-020*) ve E85 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck pH’li (GMPT-6-023). 504 saatlik dald\u0131rma sonras\u0131nda numuneler boylamas\u0131na kesilip incelenecek; kaynak (\u0131s\u0131 etkili) b\u00f6lgesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir korozyon veya \u00e7ukurlanma izine izin verilmeyecektir. Kaynak (\u0131s\u0131 etkili) b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen herhangi bir korozyon GM Malzeme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi onay\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecektir.
\nNot: GMPT yak\u0131tlar\u0131yla ilgili bilgi, GM Powertrain Malzeme M\u00fchendisli\u011fi ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilerek al\u0131nabilir. Yak\u0131tlar GM taraf\u0131ndan onaylanm\u0131\u015f tedarik\u00e7ilerden sat\u0131n al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her yak\u0131t i\u00e7in GM Powertrain m\u00fchendisinin belirtti\u011fi en g\u00fcncel son ek seviyesi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p\n\n\n

3.5.6 Siklik Korozyon Testi (GM9505P, J D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc veya GM9540P).<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

3.5.6.1 Uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f korozyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131 borular (GE), d\u00fczg\u00fcn bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f boru numunelerinden olu\u015fan bir performans testine tabi tutulacakt\u0131r (\u015eekil 3’e bak\u0131n\u0131z); GM9505P J D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc veya GM9540P testinde D s\u00fcre boyunca 10 d\u00f6ng\u00fc (20 hafta) uygulanacakt\u0131r. D\u00f6ng\u00fcler sonunda, 10.0 mm d\u0131\u015f \u00e7apa kadar olan borular 14 MPa bas\u0131n\u00e7 testini, 10 mm’nin \u00fczerindeki borular ise 7 MPa bas\u0131n\u00e7 testini ge\u00e7melidir. Bu testin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, bas\u0131n\u00e7 testinde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7acak \u015fekilde i\u00e7eriden d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru korozyon olu\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle, sistemin maruz kalma s\u0131ras\u0131nda kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in boru ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131 bir al\u00fcminyum blo\u011fa sabitlenmesi \u00f6nerilir.
\nAyr\u0131ca, bas\u0131n\u00e7 testi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu par\u00e7alar\u0131n i\u015flevselli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n mumla s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz hale getirilmesi de kabul edilebilir.
\nBu testin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin asgari frekans\u0131, tedarik\u00e7i ile GM Tedarik\u00e7i Temsilcisi aras\u0131nda kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k PPAP sunumu i\u00e7inde belgelendirilmelidir.<\/p\n\n\n

\"GM123M<\/p\n\n\n

\"GM123M\"GM123M<\/p\n\n\n

3.5.6.2 \u00c7inko-Al\u00fcminyum Ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Ekstr\u00fcde Naylon 11 veya 12 (GN).<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

B\u0131\u00e7ak Kesimi art\u0131 Siklik Korozyon GM9505P, J D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, 10 d\u00f6ng\u00fc (20 hafta). Standart ba\u011flant\u0131larla d\u00fcz boru kullanarak, ortaya yak\u0131n yerde 4 cm uzunlu\u011funda ve 2.4 \u00b1 0.1 mm aral\u0131kl\u0131 paralel \u00e7izgiler \u00e7izin. \u00c7izdikten sonraki 24 saat i\u00e7inde, GM9505P, J D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda 10 d\u00f6ng\u00fc (20 hafta) s\u00fcresince siklik korozyon uygulay\u0131n. D\u00f6ng\u00fcler sonunda, 10.0 mm d\u0131\u015f \u00e7apa kadar olan borular 14 MPa bas\u0131n\u00e7 testini, 10 mm’nin \u00fczerindeki borular ise 7 MPa bas\u0131n\u00e7 testini ge\u00e7melidir. Bu testin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, bas\u0131n\u00e7 testinde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7acak \u015fekilde i\u00e7eriden d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru korozyon olu\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle, sistemin maruz kalma s\u0131ras\u0131nda kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in boru ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131 bir al\u00fcminyum blo\u011fa sabitlenmesi \u00f6nerilir.
\nAyr\u0131ca, bas\u0131n\u00e7 testi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu par\u00e7alar\u0131n i\u015flevselli\u011fini korumak i\u00e7in ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n mumla s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz hale getirilmesi de kabul edilebilir.
\nSonu\u00e7lar m\u00fchendislik onay\u0131 i\u00e7in sunulurken raporlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p\n\n\n

3.6 Form, Boyut ve Kalite.<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

Otomotiv \u00e7elik borular\u0131 ticari olarak yuvarlak, p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz, pas ve i\u015fleme veya kullan\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerini bozan kusurlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Borunun d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki birle\u015fme bezi, bireysel al\u0131c\u0131larla yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmayla kabul edilebilir. Ancak bu, d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap tolerans\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmamal\u0131 ve flar formasyonu i\u015flemine veya s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na engel olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7 y\u00fczeydeki bir bez izi kabul edilebilir ancak iyi kaynak veya lehim uygulamas\u0131 standartlar\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde minimum d\u00fczeyde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Belirli uzunluklar belirtildi\u011finde, makul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fcz olmal\u0131 ve u\u00e7lar\u0131 t\u00f6rp\u00fcs\u00fcz olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p\n\n\n

3.6.1 Hidrolik fren hatlar\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan borular\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00fczey temizli\u011fi, ASTM A254, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 8 \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fczey Temizli\u011fi standard\u0131na g\u00f6re maksimum 0.20 g\/m\u00b2 de\u011ferini a\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n3.6.2 T\u00fcm kaplamalar, boruda \u00e7atlama, pul pul d\u00f6k\u00fclme veya ana metal ile yap\u0131\u015fma kayb\u0131 belirtisi olmadan normal \u015fekillendirme, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve depolama ko\u015fullar\u0131na dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fleme ve ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelen boylamas\u0131na veya \u00e7evresel cilalanma kabul edilebilir.<\/p\n\n\n

3.7 \u00d6zel Gereklilikler.<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

Boyut, y\u00fczey i\u015flemi, fiziksel \u00f6zellikler veya uygulamalarla ilgili \u00f6zel gereklilikler, tedarik\u00e7i ile al\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p\n\n\n

3.8 Ambalajlama ve \u0130\u015faretleme.<\/strong><\/p\n\n\n

Malzeme al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n belirtti\u011fi \u015fekilde g\u00f6nderilmelidir. Konteynerler \u00fczerine tedarik\u00e7inin ad\u0131 ve adresi, malzeme spesifikasyon numaras\u0131 ve ad\u0131, sat\u0131n alma sipari\u015fi numaras\u0131, net a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ve al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirtilen di\u011fer bilgiler okunakl\u0131 \u015fekilde i\u015faretlenmelidir.<\/p\n4 \u00dcretim S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygulanmaz.<\/p>\n

5 Kurallar ve Y\u00f6netmelikler<\/strong><\/p>\n

5.1 Bu spesifikasyona g\u00f6re tedarik edilen t\u00fcm malzemeler, GMW3001, Malzeme Spesifikasyonlar\u0131 Kurallar\u0131 ve Y\u00f6netmelikleri gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n5.2 Bu spesifikasyona g\u00f6re tedarik edilen t\u00fcm malzemeler, GMW3059, Par\u00e7alar i\u00e7in Yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve Bildirilmesi Gereken Maddeler gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p\n6 Onaylanm\u0131\u015f Kaynak<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu spesifikasyon i\u00e7in onaylanm\u0131\u015f bir kayna\u011f\u0131n m\u00fchendislik yeterlili\u011fi gereklidir. Yaln\u0131zca bu spesifikasyon numaras\u0131 alt\u0131nda GM Malzeme Dosyas\u0131nda (yani MATSPC) listelenen kaynaklar, m\u00fchendislik taraf\u0131ndan bu spesifikasyonun gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde nitelendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Ek A – Otomotiv \u00c7elik Borular\u0131ndaki \u00c7ift Katmanl\u0131 Kaplaman\u0131n Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6l\u00e7me Y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong><\/p>\n

A1 Kapsam<\/strong>
\nBu y\u00f6ntem, belirlenen minimum kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uygunlu\u011fu belirlemek ve \u00fcretimde kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ekipmanla korelasyon kurmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kaplama sistemi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00e7elik boru alt tabakas\u0131 ile d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyi \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan, i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi ise nikel kaplamal\u0131 veya kaplamas\u0131z olabilir; ard\u0131ndan al\u00fcminyum zengin epoksi kaplama veya ekstr\u00fcde edilmi\u015f Naylon 11 veya 12 kaplama uygulan\u0131r. Bu kaplamalar GM123M\/GM124M\u2019de Tablo 1\u2019de (GE), (GN) veya (Ni) olarak listelenmektedir. Y\u00f6ntem, belirlenen minimum kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uygunlu\u011fu belirlemek ve \u00fcretimde kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ekipmanla korelasyon kurmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kaplama sistemi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00e7elik boru alt tabakas\u0131 ile d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyi \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan, i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyi ise nikel kaplamal\u0131 veya kaplamas\u0131z olabilir; ard\u0131ndan al\u00fcminyum zengin epoksi kaplama veya ekstr\u00fcde edilmi\u015f Naylon 11 veya 12 kaplama uygulan\u0131r. Bu kaplamalar GM123M\/GM124M\u2019de Tablo 1\u2019de (GE), (GN) veya (Ni) olarak listelenmektedir.<\/p>\n

A2 \u0130lgili Standartlar<\/strong>
\nGM123M
\nGM124M<\/p>\n

A3 Kullan\u0131lan Ekipmanlar<\/strong>
\nA3.1 Metalograf.
\nA3.2 Metalurjik Parlatma Ekipmanlar\u0131.<\/p>\n

A4 Numune Haz\u0131rlama<\/strong>
\nBoru, minimum kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uygunlu\u011fu belirlemek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 enine kesitte kesilmelidir. Kesitler t\u00f6rp\u00fclenmeli, temizlenmeli ve kurutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her bir kesit ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 al\u00fcminyum folyoya sar\u0131l\u0131r ve montaj \u00f6ncesinde folyo parmaklarla par\u00e7aya \u015fekil verilerek s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r (\u015eekil A1\u2019e bak\u0131n\u0131z). Yaln\u0131zca bir kat folyo kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yeterlidir ve boru tamamen kaplanmal\u0131d\u0131r; folyonun delinmemesine dikkat edilmelidir. Fazla k\u0131vr\u0131nt\u0131lar ve \u00fcst \u00fcste gelmeler parlatma d\u00fczleminin \u00fczerinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Montajda dikkatli olunmal\u0131, her kesitin parlatma d\u00fczlemine dik oldu\u011fundan emin olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Numuneler, diyallifftalat gibi termoset toz malzemelerle bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 monte edilmelidir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kal\u0131plama ayr\u0131ca folyoyu kaplaman\u0131n konturuna g\u00f6re s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak m\u00fckemmel kenar tutu\u015fu ve net bir aray\u00fcz sa\u011flar. Kenar ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in montaj yava\u015f\u00e7a ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar so\u011futulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A5 Proses<\/strong><\/p>\n

A5.1 Metalografik Haz\u0131rl\u0131k.<\/p>\n

A5.1.1 Monte edilmi\u015f kesit, 180 grit ile ba\u015flay\u0131p 320 ve son olarak 600 grit ile devam eden art arda daha ince ta\u015flama ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131yla, iyi bir su ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile ya\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131larak ta\u015flan\u0131r. T\u00fcm ta\u015flamalar, kaplaman\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 minimize etmek i\u00e7in hafif ila orta d\u00fczeyde bask\u0131 ile yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nA5.1.2 Her ta\u015flama i\u015flemi aras\u0131nda montaj y\u0131kan\u0131r; b\u00f6ylece \u00f6nceki a\u015famada kullan\u0131lan daha kaba malzemenin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda sonraki ta\u015flama ve parlatma disklerinin kirlenmesini de \u00f6nler.
\nA5.1.3 Daha yumu\u015fak kaplamalar\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesini minimize etmek ve epoksi boya ile \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum aray\u00fcz\u00fc ile \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ile \u00e7elik aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in her ta\u015flama ad\u0131m\u0131 aras\u0131nda numune 90 derece d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nA5.1.4 Son ta\u015flama i\u015fleminden sonra iyice y\u0131kan\u0131r, alkol ile durulan\u0131r ve son parlatma dizisi \u00f6ncesinde kurutulur.
\nA5.1.5 Son parlatma, bez diskler ve elmas parlatma bile\u015fikleri kullan\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. \u00d6nerilen s\u0131ra s\u0131ras\u0131yla alt\u0131 mikron, \u00fc\u00e7 mikron, bir mikron ve 0,25 mikrondur. \u00c7iziksiz bir y\u00fczey isteniyorsa son ad\u0131m olarak 0,05 mikron aluminyum s\u00fcspansiyonu kullan\u0131labilir. Ancak aluminyum bazik oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7inko katman\u0131nda lekelenmeye yol a\u00e7abilir ve bu da kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu nedenle kaplama kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri tamamlanana kadar bu ad\u0131m\u0131n atlanmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.
\nA5.1.6 Ortalama bask\u0131, son ad\u0131mda olu\u015fan \u00e7izikleri gidermek i\u00e7in gerekli olan s\u00fcre kadar uygulan\u0131r. Kaplaman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bozulmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in her parlatma diski aras\u0131nda numune 90 derece d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\nA5.1.7 Ta\u015flama dizisinde oldu\u011fu gibi, her mikron kademesi aras\u0131nda numune y\u0131kan\u0131r; b\u00f6ylece \u00f6nceki a\u015famadan kalan kirler uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Parlatma tamamland\u0131ktan sonra montaj hafif bir sabunla y\u0131kan\u0131r, durulan\u0131r ve metanol ile iyice kurutulur.<\/p>\n

A5.2 Metalografik \u0130nceleme ve Kal\u0131nl\u0131k \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri.<\/p>\n

A5.2.1 Haz\u0131rlanan numune metalografte incelenir; montaj\u0131n nispeten \u00e7iziksiz oldu\u011fundan ve katmanlar\u0131n boruya yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olunur. Her bir kaplama aray\u00fcz\u00fc, mikro yap\u0131sal bile\u015fenlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u00e7ekilmesi olmadan iyi bir kontrast g\u00f6stermelidir.
\nA5.2.2 Enine boru kesiti \u00e7evresinde iki katman\u0131n ve gerekti\u011finde i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdaki nikel katman\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmesi i\u00e7in uygun bir b\u00fcy\u00fctme se\u00e7ilir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmler genellikle 500 veya 1000 X\u2019ta yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nA5.2.3 Her katman\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u0131\u015f\u0131k yoluna uygun bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm retik\u00fcl\u00fc yerle\u015ftirin. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmlere ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce retik\u00fcl\u00fc bilinen bir mikrometre \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi veya slayt ile kalibre edin.
\nA5.2.4 Boru \u00e7evresini d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 kuadran olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcn. Al\u00fcminyum folyo sar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131n\u0131 saat 12 olarak i\u015faretleyin. Saat y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ilerleyerek, 12 o\u2019clock konumuna g\u00f6re s\u0131ras\u0131yla 3, 6 ve 9 o\u2019clock konumlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faretleyin. Her kuadran g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alan\u0131nda minimum kal\u0131nl\u0131k de\u011ferini de i\u00e7eren \u00fc\u00e7 rastgele okuma al\u0131n (\u015eekiller A2 ve A3\u2019e bak\u0131n\u0131z). Her kuadrandaki \u00fc\u00e7 okumay\u0131, toplamda 12 okuma olmak \u00fczere, hem \u00e7inko-al\u00fcminyum ve epoksi boya veya naylon katmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, hem de nikel kaplama s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda raporlay\u0131n.
\nA5.2.5 T\u00fcm kal\u0131nl\u0131k de\u011ferlerini kaydedin ve GM123M\/GM124M\u2019in ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Gereken minimum kal\u0131nl\u0131k de\u011ferleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kod<\/td>\nGE\/P<\/td>\nGN<\/td>\nGE\/Ni<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0\u00c7inko-al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m (min \u03bcm)<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Al\u00fcminyum zengin epoksi boya (min \u03bcm)<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n\u00a0–<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Naylon 11 veya 12 (min \u03bcm)<\/td>\n\u00a0–<\/td>\n\u00a0150<\/td>\n\u00a0–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Nikel<\/td>\n\u00a0–<\/td>\n\u00a0–<\/td>\n\u00a03.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\"\u015eekil
\u015eekil A1: Montaj \u00d6ncesi Boru Kesiti \u00c7evresindeki Folyo Sar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc. \u00dcst K\u0131sm\u0131 K\u0131v\u0131r\u0131n (D\u00fcz \u00c7izgi B\u00f6lgesi) ve Enine Y\u00fczeyi Ta\u015flay\u0131n<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\u015eekil
\u015eekil A2: Kuadranlar ve Kal\u0131nl\u0131k Okuma Konumlar\u0131yla Birlikte Boru Kesiti G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc. Bireysel Film Katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n Tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015eekil A3\u2019e Bak\u0131n\u0131z (E\u015f Merkezli \u00c7emberler ve Harf G\u00f6sterimleriyle Belirtilmi\u015ftir).<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\u015eekil
\u015eekil A3: Metalografik Numune Haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Sonra G\u00f6sterilen Bireysel Film Katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n Ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fi.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1 Kapsam Bu teknik \u015fartnameler, otomotiv uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun iki tip \u00e7elik boruyu kapsar. Temel metal, iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 kaplama malzemeleri ve kaplanm\u0131\u015f borulara ili\u015fkin gereklilikler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu gereklilikler, boru \u00fcretim tesislerinden ve bazen ayr\u0131 tesislerde bulunan kaplama uygulama hatlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcne uygulan\u0131r. Bu borular, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131n ve montajlar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu par\u00e7alar\u0131n ve montajlar\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[69,71,72],"class_list":["post-3332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-standards","tag-automotive-standards","tag-steel-tubing","tag-gm"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3332"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3332\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}