{"id":3337,"date":"2018-05-15T09:56:50","date_gmt":"2018-05-15T01:56:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/?p=3337"},"modified":"2019-11-17T19:57:16","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T11:57:16","slug":"sae-j1677-tests-procedures-carbon-steel-alloy-steel-tubing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eibrakeline.com\/ar\/sae-j1677-tests-procedures-carbon-steel-alloy-steel-tubing\/","title":{"rendered":"SAE J1677 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>1. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 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\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 SAE 1021 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0639\u064a\u062f<br \/>\nSAE J2467 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 SAE 1021 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a<br \/>\nSAE J2592 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u2014\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<br \/>\nSAE J2613 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621<br \/>\nSAE J2614 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a<br \/>\nSAE J2832 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 (\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f 690 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644) \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c<br \/>\nSAE J2833 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 (\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f 690 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644) \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a<\/p>\n<p>2.1.2 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a ASTM<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 ASTM International\u060c 100 Barr Harbor Drive\u060c \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f C700\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0643\u0646\u060c PA 19428-2959\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641: 610-832-9585\u060c www.astm.org.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">ASTM A 370 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629<br \/>\nASTM A 450\/A 450M \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a<br \/>\nASTM E 8 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<br \/>\nASTM E 8M \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 [\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a]<\/p>\n<p>2.2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>2.2.1 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a SAE<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 SAE International\u060c 400 Commonwealth Drive\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c PA 15096-0001\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641: 877-606-7323 (\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627) \u0623\u0648 724-776-4970 (\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629)\u060c www.sae.org.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">SAE J514 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<br \/>\nSAE J1290 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u2014\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<br \/>\nSAE J2551 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644<br \/>\nSAE J2593 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644<br \/>\nSAE J2658 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u2014\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>2.2.2 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a ISO<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 ANSI\u060c 25 West 43rd Street\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c NY 10036-8002\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641: 212-642-4900\u060c www.ansi.org.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">ISO 2944 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<br \/>\nISO 3304 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<br \/>\nISO 3305 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<br \/>\nISO 4397 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645<br \/>\nISO 4399 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<br \/>\nISO 4406 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u2014\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<br \/>\nISO 5598 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a<br \/>\nISO 6162-1 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u2014\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629\u2014\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646 3.5 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (35 \u0628\u0627\u0631) \u0625\u0644\u0649 35 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (350 \u0628\u0627\u0631)\u060c DN 13 \u0625\u0644\u0649 DN127<br \/>\nISO 6162-2 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u2014\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629\u2014\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646 35 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (350 \u0628\u0627\u0631) \u0625\u0644\u0649 40 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (400 \u0628\u0627\u0631)\u060c DN 13 \u0625\u0644\u0649 DN 51<br \/>\nISO 6605 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<br \/>\nISO 8434-1 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u2014\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 24\u00b0<br \/>\nISO 8434-2 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u2014\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 37\u00b0<br \/>\nISO 8434-3 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u2014\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 O<br \/>\nISO 8434-4 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u2014\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 24\u00b0 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627<br \/>\nISO 10583 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<br \/>\nISO 10763 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<h4>3. \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 ASTM A 370 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 SAE \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">3.1 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u0623. \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<br \/>\n\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<br \/>\n\u062c. \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<br \/>\n\u062f. \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<br \/>\n\u0647\u0640. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<br \/>\n\u0648. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a SAE \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>4. \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM A 370 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>5. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h4>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5.1 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 75 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90\u00b0 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5.2 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90\u00b0 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5.3 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5.4 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0636 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0650\u0633\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.0\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 25% \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5.5 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">5.5.1 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 37\u00b0 \u064845\u00b0 \u0648\u0641\u0642 SAE J533<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">5.5.1.1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 A<br \/>\n\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u064e\u0651\u063a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a SAE J533. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-3415 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Double-Flare-37-Degree-Method-A-150x149.jpg\" alt=\"Double Flare 37 Degree Method A\" width=\"150\" height=\"149\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px; text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1 &#8211; \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0631\u064e\u0651\u063a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 37\u00b0 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 A<br \/>\n(\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639: SAE J533)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">5.5.1.2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 B<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u064e\u0651\u063a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a SAE J533. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 3.1 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-3416 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Double-Flare-37-Degree-Method-B-150x136.jpg\" alt=\"Double Flare 37 Degree Method B\" width=\"150\" height=\"136\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px; text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2 &#8211; \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0631\u064e\u0651\u063a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 37\u00b0 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 B<br \/>\n(\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639: SAE J533)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">5.5.1.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a SAE J533. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-3420 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Single-Flare-45-Degree-150x113.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"113\" \/>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3 &#8211; \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 37\u00b0 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<br \/>\n(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639: SAE J533)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">5.5.2 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a SAE J1453 ORFS \u0648SAE J518<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">5.5.2.1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a SAE J1453 \u0648SAE J518. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-3416 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Double-Flare-37-Degree-Method-B-150x136.jpg\" alt=\"Double Flare 37 Degree Method B\" width=\"150\" height=\"136\" \/>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4 &#8211; \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ORFS<br \/>\n(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a SAE J1453 \u0648SAE J518)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">5.5.2.2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a SAE J1453 \u0648SAE J518. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 5 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-3418 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.bundytubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Orfs-Single-Flare-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Orfs Single Flare\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 5 &#8211; \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ORFS<br \/>\n(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a SAE J1453 \u0648SAE J518)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5.6 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646 1.7 \u0645\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5.7 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 ASTM E 8\u2014\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 ASTM E 8M\u2014\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 [\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629].<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5.8 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 19 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5.9 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1. \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 SAE J1065 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px; text-align: left;\">\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 &#8211; Pb = Rm,min * In (D\/d)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 1)<br \/>\n\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u2212Pp = Pb\/2\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 2)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u062d\u064a\u062b:<br \/>\nPb\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (MPa)<br \/>\nPp\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (MPa)<br \/>\nRm, min\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<br \/>\nIn\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 log e<br \/>\nD\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<br \/>\nd\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 35 MPa \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 50% \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 50%\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 A&#8221; \u0645\u0646 SAE J1065 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">5.10 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 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